Toxoplasma gondii associates with human Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and induces prostatic hyperplasia and accompanying urinary dysfunction in mice

ABSTRACT Objectives Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is the non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate accompanied by lower urinary tract symptoms, affecting 50% of men by the age of 50 1,2 . Advanced highly symptomatic BPH exhibits large epithelial glandular nodules with microglandular/atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, but how these features form is unknown 3 . Our lab has reported that the common parasite Toxoplasma gondii can infect the prostate and induce glandular nodule formation in mice 3 . The objective of this study is to determine if T. gondii exposure in humans correlates to BPH and nodule formation and if it induces urinary dysfunction concurrent in the mouse model. Methods We assessed Toxoplasma exposure by serum ELISA in patients with BPH and non-BPH donor controls, and compared seropositivity rates between the groups. We further assessed the histopathology of these patients for the presence of inflammation and epithelial glandular nodule formation and compared Toxoplasma positive and negative samples. We determined voiding function in Toxoplasma -infected mice between 14 and 60 days of infection with void spot with Void Whizzard software. Results Men diagnosed with BPH are more likely to be seropositive for Toxoplasma than age-matched undiagnosed donor controls. In addition, BPH patients that are seropositive for Toxoplasma are more likely to exhibit glandular nodule formation with microglandular / adenomous hyperplasia than seronegative BPH patients . In animal studies, Toxoplasma infection results in abnormal void patterns concurrent with microglandular hyperplasia and nodule formation. Conclusions These results suggest that Toxoplasma may be contributing to BPH pathology and lower urinary tract dysfunction in both humans and mice, opening new insights into the development of this important disease. The results also serve to further characterize this model of prostatic hyperplasia and define it as a potential urinary dysfunction model.