Factors Associated with Adherence to Anti-Hypertensive Medication Among Patients Attending a Primary Health Centre in Ndola, Zambia: A Cross-Sectional Study

ABSTRACT Background Hypertension is a leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature death worldwide. Despite effective pharmacological therapy, poor adherence to anti-hypertensive medication remains the primary barrier to achieving blood pressure control, with non-adherence rates reaching 45-65% in sub-Saharan African settings. In Zambia, uncontrolled hypertension contributes substantially to hospital morbidity and mortality, yet context-specific data on adherence barriers remain limited. This study assessed factors associated with adherence to anti-hypertensive medication among patients attending Railway Surgery Urban Health Centre in Ndola, Zambia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 237 hypertensive patients attending Railway Surgery Urban Health Centre in Ndola. A structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire assessed socio-demographic characteristics, clinical factors, and medication adherence using the modified Hill-Bone Compliance Scale. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regression (p