Efectos de un programa de ejercicios funcionales y actividades lúdicas supervisadas sobre la fuerza, el equilibrio y la calidad de vida en adultos mayores institucionalizados

Introduction: Population aging represents a critical health challenge that requires scientifically rigorous interventions to mitigate functional decline. Objective: Evaluate the effectiveness of a program of functional exercises and motor games in improving strength, balance, and quality of life in older adults. Methodology: A pre-experimental study was conducted with a pretest and posttest design in a single group of 30 older adults aged between 65 and 80 years. The evaluated variables were muscle strength, balance, and quality of life, using instruments such as the Berg scale, strength tests for upper and lower extremities, and self-perception questionnaires. The procedure included exercises of daily movements combined with supervised recreational components. Results: In the Berg test, the average increased from 2.10 to 3.30, and the good-excellent categories increased from 33.4% to 76.7%. In lower limb strength (LEFS), the good-excellent levels increased from 23.3% to 66.7% (Z = -3.876; p < 0.001) and in upper limb strength (DASH) from 30.0% to 70.0% (Z = -3.521; p < 0.001). Discussion: It was found that systematic exercises work very well for older adults even if they present frailty, validating that functional exercise is an effective tool. Conclusions: The combination of functional exercises with motor games enhances motor skills and independence. It is concluded that combining exercises with recreation is an effective way for older adults to have a better quality of life.