Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism Prevalence: Insights into Goiter- As-sociated Trends in the First Two Decades of the 21st Century

Background and Objective: This meta-analysis examined the trends in prevalence of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, both with and without goiter, over the first two decades of the 21st century (2000-2020). Methods: A systematic search was conducted using major electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar, with specific keywords related to thyroid dysfunction. Articles published from 2000 up to 2020 were included. After implementing inclusion and exclusion criteria, 844 were included in the final study. For comparison and analysis, the timeline was divided into two distinct decades (2000–2010 and 2011–2020) to evaluate trends in prevalence. Result: The results show an overall significant reporting of increased hypothyroidism, and more specifically, without goiter. Similarly, hypothyroidism without a goiter was reported more frequently. There is a substantial difference across the age groups; the prevalence of thyroid problems is higher in the age group of 20 to 40. The regression analysis revealed a significant negative trend in Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients (p=0.003) but not in Graves' illness (p=0.091). Conclusion and Implications for Translation: These findings highlight temporal and demographic in thyroid disorder prevalence, emphasizing progress in public health measures and diagnostic interventions. However, the growing indisposition due to lifestyle, environmental factors, and genetic predisposition may well contribute to the increasing prevalence of thyroid disorders.