A Sustainable Deteriorating Inventory Model with Carbon Emission Reduction Policies

In inventory models, profit can be hugely improved by assuming demand according to the requirements of the market situation. In this study, demand is assumed to be time dependent, stock dependent or price dependent for a realistic view of market patterns. The production rate is also considered demand dependent and deterioration is taking time dependent. To address environmental concerns, carbon emissions from inventory holding and replenishment activities are integrated into the decision framework. The model is compared with and without a permissible delay in payment. Numerical examples, theorems, and graphs support the existence of the proposed model. Industrial applications and managerial insights significantly contribute to the novelty of the proposed model. Lastly, the study is concluded with future remarks.