Uncovering the significance of undone animals' flesh and early treatment on the dynamics of ascariasis using mathematical analysis

Ascariasis is a type of roundworm infection that occurs in the intestines. It is contracted through contact with worm eggs found in tainted food, soil, or water. This work considers both the human and animal populations. The human population has been subdivided into five compartments, including susceptible humans, exposed humans, lightly infected humans, heavily infected humans, and recovered humans. The animal population has been subdivided into three groups: susceptible animals, exposed animals, and infectious animals. The formulated models have been analyzed. To begin the analysis, we verified the existence and uniqueness of the proposed model, followed by the boundedness and positivity of the solutions. Next, we calculated the effective and basic reproduction numbers, and also verified the local stability of the disease-free equilibrium using the Jacobian matrix. This analysis shows that the disease-free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable if the effective reproduction number is less than unity. The comparison approach has been used to study the global asymptotic stability of the disease-free equilibrium. It demonstrates that if the effective reproduction number is smaller than unity, the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. The Lyapunov function of the Go-Volterra type has been used to study the global asymptotic stability of the endemic equilibrium. It demonstrates that if the effective reproduction number is more than unity, the endemic equilibrium point is globally asymptotically stable. Numerical simulation shows that early treatment plays a vital role in controlling the dynamics of Ascariasis, as well. It has been observed that consuming raw animal flesh can increase or exacerbate diseases in society. This means that reducing the consumption of raw animal flesh can help control the Ascariasis disease in society.