Peptides in Hematologic Malignancies: A Review

Cancer continues to pose a significant global health challenge, prompting continuous research and innovation in therapeutic modalities. Among the evolving methods and approaches, therapies derived from peptides have emerged as an upcoming frontier, within the bounds of anticancer treatments. Peptides play a crucial role in pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of hematologic malignancies. These short amino acid chains influence tumour growth, immune response, and cellular signaling in leukemia, lymphoma , and multiple myeloma. Therapeutic peptides, including peptide based vaccines and receptor specific targeted therapies such as those interfering with tumour specific antigens or overexpressed surface proteins are emerging as promising treatment modalities . Over the last two decades, the advent of anticancer peptides (ACPs) has brought about transformative changes in the pharmaceutical landscape, offering novel avenues for combating malignancies. This comprehensive review analyzes the implementation of pept ide based treatments concerning blood malignancies, uncovering the mechanisms behind the effectiveness of anticancer peptides (ACPs), including interactions with negatively charged cellular surfaces, pore formation, and immune responses, it also states the ir targeted toxicity towards cancer cells. Additionally, peptide biomarkers aid in early diagnosis and disease monitoring. This review also emphasizes the role of peptides in pharmaceutical applications, investigating various drug delivery methods such a s oral, nasal, ocular, and blood brain barrier routes.