The Association Between Maternal Nutritional Status and Intrauterine Growth Restriction: A Literature Review

Background: Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) is a pathological condition in which the fetus fails to achieve its genetically determined growth potential and remains a major contributor to perinatal morbidity and mortality. Maternal nutritional status is a key modifiable factor influencing placental function and fetal growth. Aim: This study aimed to analyse the association between maternal nutritional status and the occurrence of intrauterine growth restriction. Methods: This study employed a descriptive-analytic literature review approach. Scientific articles published within the last ten years were reviewed. Maternal nutritional indicators analysed included pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), gestational weight gain, haemoglobin levels, and macro- and micronutrient intake. Results: Poor maternal nutritional status, including low BMI, MUAC