Sarcopenia como factor de riesgo de caídas en el adulto mayor: revisión narrativa para la práctica clínica

Objective: The objective of this narrative review was to analyze the available scientific evidence on the relationship between sarcopenia and the risk of falls in the older adult population, considering its clinical relevance due to its impact on functionality, autonomy, and quality of life. Methodology: A descriptive and analytical literature review was conducted, searching PubMed, SciELO and Dialnet using DeCS/MeSH terms in Spanish and English; inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to screen 50 initial records and select 20 articles for full analysis. Results: The findings showed a consistent association between sarcopenia and an increased risk of falls, especially in older adults living in the community; evidence indicated that functional components, particularly gait speed, as well as muscle strength and balance, played a more decisive role than isolated muscle mass, and that the feasibility of clinical assessment varied depending on the instrument used. Conclusions: It was concluded that sarcopenia constituted a relevant risk factor for falls and functional decline, and that early functional assessment and multifactorial preventive interventions (resistance exercise, promotion of physical activity, and nutritional support) were essential to reduce adverse events and preserve independence; it was recommended to strengthen diagnostic standardization and expand studies in community and clinical settings.