Advancements in Modern Correctional Systems: A Systematic Review on Reform, Rehabilitation, and Technological Integration

This systematic review synthesizes recent research on advancements in modern correctional systems, focusing on reform initiatives, rehabilitation program effectiveness, and the integration of technology. The review identifies key trends, challenges, and opportunities within these three domains to understand their collective impact on Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDL) outcomes and system efficiency. A comprehensive search of academic databases was conducted to identify relevant studies published since 2000. Findings indicate a global shift towards more humanized and evidence-based approaches, though significant implementation gaps persist. Rehabilitation efforts show modest but promising reductions in recidivism, particularly with psychological interventions and strong aftercare. Technological integration, while offering benefits in management and rehabilitation, also presents substantial ethical and human rights concerns regarding privacy, bias, and surveillance. The review concludes by highlighting the critical need for continued research into effective program implementation, ethical technological deployment, and the harmonization of reform efforts to foster more just and effective correctional systems. In alignment with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions) and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequality), the review stresses the importance of creating fair, equitable, and accountable correctional systems that contribute to social justice, rehabilitation, and the reduction of societal inequalities. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for collaboration among diverse stakeholders, including policymakers, correctional staff, and external organizations, to ensure the successful and sustainable implementation of reforms.