Current Developments in Optometry and Vision Science

Purpose:Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is a frequent but often underdiagnosed ocular disorder influenced by various environmental triggers.This study evaluates the relationship between environmental factors-including dust, air pollution, pollen, and air-conditioned environments-and the prevalence, severity, and frequency of ocular allergy. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted at ASG Eye Hospital, Agarpara (January-May 2024).Data were collected via structured questionnaires from patients presenting with allergic ocular symptoms.Information on demographics, environmental exposure, and allergy severity was analyzed using PQStat software (version 1.8.6).Fisher's exact test was applied, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:A total of 62 patients (mean age 22.03 ± 12.4 years) were evaluated; 56.45% were female, and 56.45% resided in urban areas.The 21-30-year age group showed the highest prevalence (32.25%).Dust (32.25%) and air pollution (30.65%) were the most common allergens.Itching (100%) and redness (85.48%) were predominant symptoms.Exposure to airconditioned environments for >1 hour daily was reported by 67.74% of participants.Dust was significantly associated with mild (p = 0.001) and moderate (p = 0.0282) allergies, while pollen correlated strongly with severe allergy (p < 0.00001).Air-conditioned exposure showed significant association with mild (p = 0.0169) and frequent (p = 0.0265) allergic episodes. Conclusion:Environmental factors such as dust, air pollution, and prolonged exposure to air-conditioned environments significantly influence ocular allergy prevalence and severity.Regular cleaning of air-conditioner filters, minimizing exposure to outdoor pollution, and using protective eyewear can mitigate allergic symptoms.Larger, multicentric studies integrating environmental indices (AQI, humidity, particulate matter) are warranted to develop targeted preventive strategies.