Outcomes and Clinical Evaluations of Patients with Massive Hemoptysis in a Thoracic Surgery Intensive Care Unit

Objective: Massive hemoptysis is a life-threatening emergency requiring rapid diagnosis and intervention. This study aimed to evaluate the demographic characteristics, etiologies, treatment approaches, and clinical outcomes of patients with massive hemoptysis who were followed in intensive care settings. Materials and Methods: The data of 40 patients with massive hemoptysis who were followed in a thoracic surgery intensive care unit between January 2023 and December 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients' demographic characteristics, comorbidities, etiologies, radiologic and bronchoscopic findings, treatment methods, and clinical outcomes were evaluated. Results: Thirty-one patients were male and nine were female, and the mean age was 57.6±15.3 years (range, 18–77 years). The most common etiology was malignancy (35%), followed by pneumonia (27.5%) and tuberculous cavitations (10%). Bronchial artery embolization was performed in 47.5% of patients, and surgical treatment was performed in 17.5% of patients. Three patients (7.5%) died, and 24 patients (60%) were discharged. Conclusion: A multidisciplinary approach is essential in the management of massive hemoptysis. Early diagnosis, ensuring airway security, and appropriate interventional and surgical treatment significantly reduce mortality.