REPRODUKTIV YOSHDAGI ERKAKLARDA VARIKOTSELE BILAN BOG‘LIQ OKSIDATIV STRESS VA FERTILITET KO‘RSATKICHLARI

Varicocele is a widespread venous anatomical anomaly in men of reproductive age which leads to impaired spermatogenesis and an increased risk of infertility. This pathology is characterised by dilatation of the pampiniform plexus and the testicular veins. Oxidative stress is considered one of the main pathophysiological mechanisms associated with varicocele. Excessive formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and insufficiently effective functioning of the antioxidant system lead to damage to the membrane and DNA structure of spermatozoa. Lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and damage to genetic material result in a decrease in the number, motility and normal morphology of spermatozoa. At the molecular level, oxidative stress damages Leydig cells, reduces testosterone biosynthesis and disrupts spermatogenesis under conditions of testicular hypoxia. This article describes the scientifically substantiated relationships between varicocele, oxidative stress and fertility indicators.