ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: ASSESSMENT, PRESENT DEVELOPMENTS, USES, AND OPPORTUNITIES

With several uses in the fields of healthcare, business, finance, education, and urban infrastructure, artificial intelligence (AI) has become a game-changing technology. Rapid developments in machine learning, deep learning, generative models, and multimodal intelligence during the past 20 years have increased the capabilities of AI systems, allowing computers to carry out challenging tasks including perception, reasoning, and decision-making. The underlying ideas, evaluation techniques, recent technological advancements, real-world applications, societal and economic effects, and potential future advances of artificial intelligence are all covered in this review. Examined are significant advancements in explainable AI, autonomous and adaptive systems, and AI-driven decision support, as well as the governance, legal, and ethical issues surrounding data quality, bias, privacy, scalability, and global standardization. The study emphasizes the need for sustainable, inclusive, and human-centered AI while highlighting research gaps and new technological frontiers. This review provides academics, practitioners, and policymakers with a comprehensive viewpoint by combining technology advancements with societal factors. It encourages the responsible development and application of AI to optimize advantages while minimizing hazards.