The relationship between clinical instructors’ leadership styles and nursing students’ self-efficacy

Introductionmanagement, heightened adaptability, greater confidence, and improved physical and psychological well-being [15].Furthermore, such students demonstrate a propensity for setting more challenging objectives, which facilitates higher academic and clinical achievement.This progression culminates in the development of more knowledgeable and clinically proficient nurses-a direct outcome that enhances healthcare quality and increases patient satisfaction [13][14][15].Despite the significant impact of clinical instructors' leadership styles on educational effectiveness, this subject remains underexplored within nursing education research.Concurrently, self-efficacy serves as a vital metric for evaluating clinical education quality, underscoring the necessity of identifying its determinants.These critical gaps have prompted the present investigation into the relationship between clinical