Evaluation of Different Solar Technologies Through Multiple Parameters: A MCDM-based Study in Uncertain Environment

Renewable energy is one of the significant energy sources of recent times and a solution to various global problems, including environmental degradation, energy insecurity, and the rising demand for sustainable development. Solar energy is one of the most important renewable sources and helps reduce dependence on fossil fuels. There are several Photovoltaic (PV) technologies, and each has its pros and cons. In this study, we prioritized them based on multiple parameters statistically and mathematically. Two multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methodologies are considered for the numerical evaluation in the triangular type-2 fuzzy numbers environment to consider model uncertainty. Further, sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis are conducted to assess the system's stability, robustness, and flexibility. This study provides guidance to select optimal solar technology for government & private companies, policymakers, and individuals to develop sustainable and efficient energy sources.