Estrategias verdes azules mejoran confort peatonal y reducen demanda energética urbana

Global warming and the urban heat island effect increase pedestrian heat stress and cooling needs. This article reviews evidence on green-blue strategies to improve comfort and reduce energy demand. An exploratory literature review was conducted in Scopus and Web of Science (2000–January 7, 2026), selecting peer-reviewed urban studies with quantitative results on microclimate, comfort, and energy consumption. The findings indicate that the decisive factor is reducing the radiative load at the pedestrian level: continuous shade, especially from trees, lowers radiant temperature and improves thermal comfort even with small changes in air temperature. Effectiveness depends on ensuring continuity of shade along routes and not blocking wind corridors; the morphology of the urban canyon modulates both effects. Blue solutions offer limited and highly contextual cooling, but provide benefits when combined with shade and ventilation, avoiding possible nighttime penalties. It is concluded that planning should prioritize cool corridors and tree maintenance, and that greater standardization of metrics and joint comfort-energy measurements is required.