Pediatric Dosage Forms Using 3D Printing: A Pharmacogenomics-Driven Approach

pharmaceutical industry. The primary goal of these formulations is to ensure therapeutic efficacy, safety and tolerability in pediatric patients In recent years, there has been a significant increase in attention towardthis area. Pediatric patients exhibit significant interindividual variability in drug response due to differences in age, body weight, organ maturity, and genetic makeup. Conventional pediatric dosage forms often rely on dose extrapolation from adults, which may lead to suboptimal efficacy or adverse drug reactions. Pharmacogenomics offers insights into genetic factors influencing drug metabolism, transport, and response, enabling personalized therapy. In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has emerged as a revolutionary tool for fabricating patient-specific dosage forms with precise control over dose, release profile, and formulation design. This review explores the integration of 3D printing technology with pharmacogenomics to develop personalized pediatric dosage forms, highlighting current advances, benefits, challenges, and future prospects.