Assessing the Impact of Sustainable Food Production Systems on Household Food Security in Chepalungu Sub-County, Bomet County, Kenya

Kenya’s economy is predominantly agro-based, with agriculture contributing 32% of the gross domestic product (GDP) and employing over 70% of the rural population. Despite this, the country remains food and nutrition insecure, with more than 80% of rural households relying on smallholder subsistence farming and about 10 million people suffering from chronic food insecurity and malnutrition. This study assessed how sustainable food production systems enhance food security in Chepalungu Sub-County, Kenya. Data were collected from 250 households using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Food Consumption Score (FCS) method. The findings revealed that 14.5% of households had poor food consumption (food insecure), 30.4% were borderline (moderately food insecure), while 55.1% had acceptable food consumption (food secure). Adoption of innovative and sustainable farming systems such as organic farming (36%), regenerative agriculture (30%), precision farming (20%), and agroecology (14%) was found to be below average, mainly due to limited financial resources, technical skills, and extension support. The study concludes that enhancing education, economic incentives, and cooperative structures can strengthen the adoption of sustainable farming practices, thereby improving household food security and contributing to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2.