Competence approach in assessing the effectiveness of managerial activity.

The article investigates the theoretical and methodological foundations of the competence-based approach to assessing managerial effectiveness in contemporary organizations. It elaborates on the essence of competence models and highlights their advantages compared to traditional assessment systems that rely primarily on performance indicators. The study demonstrates that in a rapidly changing business environment, managerial effectiveness is determined not only by professional knowledge but also by the development of key managerial competencies that integrate cognitive, behavioral-operational, and motivational-value components. Particular emphasis is placed on 21st-century competencies—critical thinking, emotional intelligence, digital literacy, communication, creativity, adaptability, and the ability to perform under uncertainty—which have become essential predictors of successful managerial performance. The article provides an analysis of recent scholarly publications that reflect the evolution of the competence-based approach and confirm its practical relevance for improving managerial performance. The structure of a managerial competence model is described, including professional, personal, and behavioral characteristics, along with examples of behavioral indicators that enable objective assessment of competence levels. It is argued that competence models enhance the quality of managerial decision-making, strengthen employee well-being, improve communication within teams, and contribute to organizational resilience and development. The study concludes that integrating the competence-based approach into systems of recruitment, appraisal, training, and professional development of managers is a key condition for ensuring organizational competitiveness. Competence models provide a comprehensive framework for evaluating managerial outcomes in combination with behavioral manifestations, creating a holistic approach to strengthening management effectiveness and supporting sustainable organizational growth.