Global trends in the development of the genetically modified products market in the context of biotechnological innovations and food security.

This article examines global trends in the development of the genetically modified food market and identifies Ukraine’s role in this process, taking into account current biotechnological advances and food security imperatives. The theoretical foundation of the study is based on a synthesis of economic theories of technological change, analysis of agri-food markets, biosafety assessment methods, and sustainable development concepts, which together allow for an examination of the impact of GM innovations on the competitiveness of the agricultural sector. It has been found that Ukraine’s potential in the field of GM crop cultivation is significant; however, the realization of this potential is hindered by three key challenges: the inconsistency of the domestic regulatory framework with the requirements of major trading partners, persistent consumer skepticism regarding the long-term consequences of consuming GM products, and the lack of effective mechanisms to control the coexistence of GM and non-GM production. A comprehensive accounting and analytical model for supporting GM activities in agricultural enterprises is proposed, which includes monitoring of environmental risks using geographic information systems, multifactorial econometric forecasting of productivity changes depending on the introduction of GM varieties, an adapted financial accounting system for biotechnological assets, and digital tools for supply chain traceability based on blockchain technology. Strategic directions for the sector’s development are outlined: improving national legislation in accordance with European standards while maintaining flexibility for exports to other markets, creating a system of independent safety certification for GM products, and launching communication campaigns to raise the population’s scientific literacy, which together will contribute to the formation of a balanced, competitive, and socially acceptable segment of GM technologies within the country’s agro-industrial complex.