Análise do projeto de Lei nº 4 de 2025 do senado federal: responsabilidade civil

This article develops a systematic analysis of the provisions of Senate Bill No. 4 of 2025 related to civil liability, with particular attention to the proposed amendments to the Brazilian Civil Code. The research examines topics such as unjust enrichment, duty to indemnify, strict liability, liability for acts of third parties, full reparation, non-pecuniary damages, loss of a chance, preventive protection, and criteria for quantifying compensation. Through a qualitative, interpretive, and comparative methodology, the study contrasts the current wording of the 2002 Civil Code with the proposed legislative amendments, assessing their potential implications for legal practice, access to justice, and the reparation of damages. The study demonstrates that the Bill seeks to update the discipline of civil liability in the face of new forms of harm, including those arising in digital and technological environments, while also expanding parameters for judicial action in the determination of compensation. It is concluded that the proposal presents relevant advances in the protection of victims and in the systematization of duties of reparation, but also requires interpretive caution to avoid legal uncertainty, excessive judicialization, and disproportionate application of the new rules.