A EFETIVIDADE DO LICENCIAMENTO ARQUEOLÓGICO NO BRASIL: AVANÇOS NORMATIVOS, FRAGILIDADES INSTITUCIONAIS E DESAFIOS PRÁTICOS EM UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DA LITERATURA (2012 – 2024)

This systematic literature review aimed to analyze Brazilian scientific production on the effectiveness of archaeological heritage protection within the context of environmental licensing. The research was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), through searches in the Scopus, Web of Science, and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) databases, considering publications from 2012 to 2024. After the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 19 studies were selected. The findings were organized into four thematic dimensions: (1) effectiveness of environmental and archaeological licensing in the protection of cultural heritage; (2) economic and operational impacts on companies; (3) social participation and integrated management; and (4) challenges and normative innovations in archaeological licensing. The results indicate that, although there have been relevant normative advances, the effectiveness of licensing remains compromised by limitations in inspection, low integration among regulatory agencies, and gaps in the implementation of safeguard measures. The analysis also revealed concerns regarding procedural delays, bureaucratic rigidity, and weak community participation. These findings reinforce the need for collaborative strategies to reconcile development and the preservation of archaeological heritage, with a view to increasing the effectiveness of safeguards within the scope of environmental licensing.