ANÁLISE DAS SOLICITAÇÕES DE RADIOGRAFIAS DE TÓRAX EM PACIENTES PEDIÁTRICOS COM INFECÇÕES DE VIAS AÉREAS EM UM PRONTO-SOCORRO DO OESTE PAULISTA

Acute respiratory infections are the leading cause of pediatric emergency care, with chest radiography widely used for diagnosis. However, its frequent use increases radiation exposure to radiosensitive organs, requiring caution due to children’s greater vulnerability. A cross-sectional, retrospective, and analytical study was conducted through the analysis of medical records of pediatric patients treated at the Emergency Department of the Regional Hospital of Presidente Prudente with suspected acute respiratory infection and who underwent chest radiography between May and July 2024. The group for whom the exam was deemed necessary presented more severe clinical signs, such as higher heart and respiratory rates, lower oxygen saturation, and a greater occurrence of pulmonary findings, with a strong association between clinical condition and exam indication. Diagnoses such as bronchiolitis were more common among appropriate indications, while upper respiratory tract infections and bronchospasm prevailed in avoidable cases. The use of chest radiographs in children without clinical indication entails unnecessary risks, such as radiation exposure and inappropriate clinical management. It is essential to restrict these exams to justified cases by promoting clear guidelines, continuous training, and adherence to the ALARA principle to ensure safety and effectiveness in pediatric practice.