Development And Charcterization of Oral Bioavailability Enhancing Formulation of Amaranthus Viridis Loaded Non-Ionic Surfactant Vesicle

The present study focuses on the development and characterization of an oral bioavailability-enhancing formulation of Amaranthus viridis using non-ionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes). Methanolic extraction of Amaranthus viridis leaves yielded a high concentration of bioactive phytoconstituents, including flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, and glycosides. The extract was successfully encapsulated into niosomes using the thin-film hydration method. The optimized formulation exhibited nanoscale particle size (~164 nm), high zeta potential (-38.6 mV), spherical morphology, and good physical stability. Quantitative analysis confirmed high phenolic and flavonoid content, contributing to antioxidant potential. The niosomal formulation showed enhanced antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus compared to the plain extract. Stability studies indicated no significant changes in physical properties over 90 days under accelerated conditions. Overall, the results suggest that niosomal delivery of Amaranthus viridis extract is a promising approach to improve oral bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of plant-based formulations.