Synthesis and Characterization of Vanga Bhasma (VB)

Introduction: Various raw materials and methods are recommended for the preparation of Vanga Bhasma (VB). So there is need to analyze the VB prepared using Churnodaka (lime water), Apamarga Panchanga (Achyranthes aspera pennel), and aloe vera juice for Shodhana (mandatory preliminary process), Jarana (polling), and Marana (calcination process of making Bhasma) and compare with previous studies. Material and Methods: VB was prepared using Shodhana, Jarana, washing of Jarita Vanga and Marana procedures. The Vanga at different stages of Marana were analyzed using XRF, XRD, and EDAX-SEM. Results: XRD data reveals that the crystals present in the raw Vanga sample were converted to Tin (II) oxide (Romarchite) and Tin (IV) oxide (Cassiterite) during the Jarana process. The XRD results also indicate that the VB sample only contains crystals of Tin (IV) oxide. The EDAX report shows an increase in the percentage of Oxygen and a decrease in the percentage of Tin from the raw Vanga to the final VB. Furthermore, the particle size of the crystals was reduced from 239 nm in the raw Vanga to 45.8 nm in the VB. Conclusion: The Jarana process may necessary to initiate the conversion of raw tin to tin oxide and makes Vanga to withstand the strong heat required during the Puta process. Washing of the Jarita Vanga is helpful to remove any alkaline material introduced from the herbal media. Marana may be necessary for further reduction of the particle size to the nano scale, along with the complete conversion of tin to Tin (IV) oxide.