Land Desertification Management from a Cross-Disciplinary Perspective: Enhancing Sustainable Land Development through Integrated Biological Management Techniques

Land desertification is a significant ecological degradation phenomenon that threatens human survival and health worldwide. The primary factors contributing to land desertification include vegetation loss, soil nutrient depletion, bare soil surfaces, wind and water erosion, and the consequent decline in land productivity. Controlling and reversing land desertification is a critical ecological challenge faced by countries globally. Among various strategies, biological interventions that curb the desertification process and enhance the self-regulation capacity of land ecosystems are considered essential tools for global desertification control and research. This review focuses on the mainstream technologies currently employed in the biological control of desertification, including soil microbial technologies, genetic engineering for plant improvement, and intelligent irrigation systems. Furthermore, it proposes a comprehensive application framework for integrating these technologies to effectively combat desertification.