Integrated analysis of intrauterine devices: Insertion, clinical limitations, adverse impacts, and benefits

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are long-acting contraceptive methods widely used in contemporary clinical practice, standing out for their high efficacy, safety, reversibility, and favorable cost-effectiveness. This article aimed to conduct an integrated analysis of the main aspects related to the use of IUDs, addressing insertion techniques, clinical limitations, adverse impacts, and clinical and social benefits. Initially, general concepts and the different types of devices available are discussed, emphasizing their mechanisms of action and eligibility criteria, which allow the indication of the method for diverse profiles of women, including nulliparous women, adolescents, and postpartum women. Subsequently, the steps of the insertion technique and the care required before and after the procedure are described, highlighting the importance of continuous clinical follow-up. The study also addresses the limitations associated with IUD use, such as access barriers, adaptation difficulties, and the influence of sociocultural factors, as well as the most frequently observed adverse impacts, including changes in menstrual patterns, pelvic pain, risk of infection, device expulsion, and, rarely, uterine perforation. In addition, the benefits of IUDs are highlighted, such as their high contraceptive efficacy, the reproductive autonomy provided to women, ease of use, and positive impact on reducing unplanned pregnancies. Finally, the article emphasizes the fundamental role of Primary Health Care in expanding access to the method and promoting reproductive rights, reinforcing that the appropriate use of IUDs significantly contributes to the improvement of reproductive health indicators and the strengthening of public policies aimed at family planning.