Cardiovascular and thromboembolic risks associated with hormonal contraceptive use in young women: An integrative review

Objective: To critically analyze the scientific evidence on the relationship between the use of hormonal contraceptives and the occurrence of thromboembolic and cardiovascular events in young women, comparing formulations and routes of administration. Methods: This is an integrative literature review conducted using the PubMed database. Studies evaluating women aged 15 to 35 years who used hormonal contraceptives and had no prior history of cardiovascular disease were selected. After the screening process and methodological quality assessment, 08 studies were included in the final sample. Results: The findings indicate that combined contraceptives containing ethinyl estradiol are associated with a higher risk of venous thromboembolism and ischemic stroke. Formulations containing natural estrogens, such as estradiol and estetrol, show a more favorable thrombotic profile. Progestin-only methods, particularly the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device, did not demonstrate an increased cardiovascular risk. No consistent association was observed between oral contraceptive use and heart failure. Conclusion: Cardiovascular risk varies according to hormonal formulation, reinforcing the importance of individualized contraceptive choice.