Differential Gene Expression Associated with Tumor Status and Smoking in Lung Tissue

Smoking is a major contributor to lung adenocarcinoma, yet its specific gene expression signature remains unclear. This study, with a sample size of n=107, examined gene expression differences across current, former, and never smokers, as well as tumor and non-tumor lung samples, to better define smoking’s molecular impact. Ordinary least squares regression and ANOVA were applied to the microarray GSE10072 data, followed by false discovery rate correction using the Benjamini–Hochberg method with a statistical threshold of q