Advances in the Influence of Wnt on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess self-renewal ability and high differentiation potential. It can be used to construct in vitro models to assist with pathological and pharmacological research, as well as applications in tissue engineering. The core process in the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs is osteogenesis, which is the process of bone tissue formation primarily carried out by osteoblasts. Chondrocytes and skeletal muscle cells are also involved in the process of bone injury repair. As a group of highly conserved signaling proteins, Wnt family proteins affect the direction of MSC differentiation through autocrine or paracrine mechanisms. This review summarizes the influence of Wnt in differentiation process, as well as the relevant factors in the Wnt signaling pathway for directed differentiation during cell culture, aims to provide new solutions and guidance for precise treatment.