HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF GRAPHIC DESIGN AND ITS TRANSFORMATION IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES

Graphic design is a dynamic field of visual communication that is constantly evolving along with the technological progress of mankind.From primitive cave paintings to modern digital interfaces, visual images have always served as a means of conveying information and ideas.Considering the historical development of graphic design and its transformation in the digital era is a relevant task.If we analyse the historical development of visual images, we can see that from primitive cave times to the present day, a profound process has taken place that has created an environment of communication and interaction.In the past, stylised and distinctive visual images that were admired have become more diverse with the development and diversification of technologies and media, which has eliminated the limitations of materials in communication.Graphic design, which used to be limited to the print sphere, can now go beyond it thanks to the interaction of media.Graphic design, which provides dynamics in the modern world with the help of technology, is intensively used on interdisciplinary platforms where works are created, and is constantly updated and positioned due to the progress of knowledge and technology.Today, we can observe the diversity and search for innovation in image production, which we obtain through different interfaces in technological means and tools, as well as in the use of different means and tools before and after the invention of the printing press.Before the advent of the movable printing press -from the 1900s until the advent of woodblock printing -papyrus was used, and in the Middle Ages, fabric and woodblock printing techniques were used.After the 14th century, they switched to parchment paper and began using woodcut printing [1].In the Middle Ages, copper and engraving printing were added to the board printing, and in the early 19th century, lithography was introduced.Lithography brought reproduction to a whole new level.This technique, much more practical than other printing techniques, for the first time created the basis for the production of graphic works not only of a mass nature, but also with new forms.Lithography allowed