MANAGERIAL APPROACHES TO MEASURING ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF BLOCKCHAIN IN SUPPLY CHAINS

The rapid digitalization of global trade has significantly increased the dependence of supply chains on the quality, speed, and reliability of information exchange.As inter-organizational networks expand, coordination becomes more complex, and the cost of maintaining trust between partners grows.In this environment, blockchain technology is increasingly viewed as an instrument capable of transforming traditional management mechanisms by ensuring data integrity, synchronization, and shared access to verified records.Existing literature widely discusses the technological potential of distributed ledgers, emphasizing traceability, immutability, and automation of transactions [1].However, managers responsible for investment decisions require not only technical arguments but also clear methods for evaluating the economic consequences of implementation.Without an understandable measurement framework, even promising innovations may face resistance from stakeholders.From a managerial perspective, the economic value of blockchain emerges primarily through improvements in coordination efficiency.Reduced information asymmetry leads to fewer disputes, faster approvals, and lower monitoring intensity.As a result, organizations may redirect resources from control activities toward valuecreating operations.Nevertheless, many companies encounter difficulties in quantifying these improvements because benefits are often indirect, long-term, and distributed unevenly across participants.Research in supply chain management demonstrates that digital transparency strengthens collaborative relationships and contributes to performance stability [2].At the same time, scholars underline that technology adoption must be accompanied by