Artificial intelligence in English language teaching: opportunities, challenges, and pedagogical implications

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed educational practices, particularly in the field of English Language Teaching (ELT). AI-powered tools such as intelligent tutoring systems, automated feedback platforms, speech recognition software, and generative language models are increasingly integrated into language learning environments. These technologies offer personalized learning experiences, immediate feedback, and expanded opportunities for learner autonomy. However, the growing use of AI in ELT also raises pedagogical, ethical, and methodological concerns, including overreliance on technology, reduced human interaction, data privacy issues, and challenges related to academic integrity. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of artificial intelligence in English language teaching. It examines the theoretical foundations of AI in education, explores its application across different language skills, and critically evaluates both its benefits and limitations. The article further discusses the evolving role of teachers in AI-supported classrooms and outlines pedagogical implications for effective and responsible integration of AI in ELT. The study argues that while AI has strong potential to enhance language learning, its success depends on thoughtful pedagogical design and informed teacher mediation.