ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES OF CELLULAR ORGANELLES IN METABOLIC STRESS CONDITIONS

Ultrastructural alterations of cellular organelles under metabolic stress represent profound changes in both the morphology and functional capacity of key intracellular structures, including mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes, and lysosomes. When cells are exposed to stressors such as oxidative imbalance, nutrient scarcity, or toxic agents, normal cellular homeostasis is disrupted, triggering a spectrum of adaptive and maladaptive responses. These responses play a decisive role in determining cellular viability and functional integrity.