Techno-Scaffolding in English Language Learning: A Review at the Secondary Level

The integration of technology in English language instruction has transformed traditional pedagogical approaches, enabling more personalized and interactive learning experiences. Techno-scaffolding, a blend of technological tools and scaffolding strategies, facilitates learners’ gradual mastery of linguistic skills through guided digital environments. This review synthesizes research findings on the application of techno-scaffolding in language learning, particularly at the secondary level. Studies reveal that digital scaffolding through multimedia platforms, adaptive feedback, and collaborative tools significantly enhances learners’ engagement, comprehension, and achievement in English. However, disparities in accessibility, teachers’ digital competency, and contextual adaptability remain key challenges. The findings consistently demonstrate that techno-scaffolding enhances student achievement, engagement, and autonomy in English learning. However, research gaps remain in longitudinal analysis, comparative approaches, and localized curriculum integration. The review underscores the potential of techno-scaffolding as an effective pedagogical approach for improving English achievement at the secondary level. The review identifies critical gaps in empirical studies focusing on techno-scaffolding among secondary-level students in India, suggesting a need for more experimental research to measure its sustained impact on English achievement.