Impact of Dual Responsibilities on Job Satisfaction of Female Graduate Teachers: Insights from Kamrup Metro and Kamrup District, Assam

Female graduate teachers in Assam occupy a pivotal position in expanding access and quality in school education while simultaneously managing substantial family responsibilities. This paper, drawing solely on secondary sources such as national and state statistical compilations (UDISE+, Economic Survey of Assam), district-level datasets, and existing literature, explores how dual work–family responsibilities shape job satisfaction among women teachers. Classic frameworks including Work–Family Conflict theory and the Job Demands–Resources model are applied alongside contemporary Indian evidence on work–life balance, teacher deployment, pupil–teacher ratio, and women’s educational and labour indicators. The analysis reveals that role overload, time-based and strain-based conflicts, administrative workload, and limited autonomy emerge as primary demand-side stressors, while supportive leadership, predictable schedules, professional development opportunities, and access to childcare or social support function as vital resources that buffer conflict and enhance satisfaction. Distinct contextual differences are noted: Kamrup Metropolitan, with its higher urban literacy and institutional density, presents challenges linked to administrative intensity and interactional demands, whereas the more dispersed schooling pattern of Kamrup district accentuates commuting difficulties and workload imbalances. Policy recommendations highlight the need for administrative de-burdening, rationalized teacher deployment, strengthened in-school resources, and gender-responsive measures such as flexible timings, transport facilities, and creches. The study acknowledges its limitation in relying exclusively on secondary data, underscoring the value of future primary research to validate and deepen these insights. Keywords: work–family conflict, teacher job satisfaction, women teachers, Assam, UDISE+, Job Demands–Resources