Generative artificial intelligence-driven adaptive learning for sustainable, personalized, and resilient education systems

The educational field of the globe is under a tremendous pressure of providing equity, model individualized, and sustained learning solutions to various student groups. The conventional education designs find it hard to support individual learning pace, style as well as needs and with scalability and efficiency of resources. This literature review explores the disruptive power of generative artificial intelligence to transform adaptive learning systems to establish more sustainable, customised and resilient educational systems. The review of the existing literature summarizes the latest studies on how generative AI technologies, such as large language models, multimodal AI systems, and intelligent tutoring agents, are transforming the mechanisms of delivering education. Systematic review to determine how AI can be integrated in adaptive learning platforms through the PRISMA methodology, this review presents the applications of generative AI in the context of K-12 education, higher education, professional development, and lifelong learning. The findings indicate a great progress in the real time content creation and the personalized feedback system, automated evaluation systems and curriculum modification through intelligence. The most important conclusions are that, based on the generative AI-controlled systems, learning performance is improved in the form of adjustable difficult levels, generation of contextual content, and customized learning processes, as well as in the context of environmental sustainability through minimized physical resource use. The review establishes such crucial issues as algorithmic bias, data privacy problems, digital equity differences, and complexities in pedagogical integration. The opportunities that are in the offing include hybrid human-AI instruction frameworks, emotion cognizant adaptive frameworks, and blockchain incorporated credentials validation.