Prevalence of Aflatoxin M1 in Loose Milk: A Comparative Analysis of Retail Shops and Informal Milk Vendors

Aflatoxin contamination in milk is a significant public health hazard, especially in places where loose milk is commonly consumed. This study explores the prevalence of aflatoxins in fresh milk collected from local stores and milkmen, examining 200 samples, 100 from retail shops and 100 from local milkmen. The results found that 96 samples from shops tested negative for aflatoxins, while only 4 were positive. In contrast, a disturbing 95 samples obtained from milkmen proved positive for aflatoxins, with only 5 negatives. These findings indicate a substantial contrast in contamination levels between the two sources. The low prevalence of aflatoxins in shop milk shows that improved handling and storage techniques are being followed, possibly due to regulatory control. Conversely, the high contamination rates among milk from milkmen show severe flaws in the informal supply chain, where low hygiene, poor feed quality, and insufficient regulatory procedures contribute to the issue. Chronic exposure to aflatoxins offers severe health hazards, including liver damage and an elevated cancer risk, particularly for vulnerable populations such as youngsters and pregnant women. This underlines the critical need for appropriate management techniques to reduce pollution. Recommendations include boosting awareness among dairy farmers about appropriate feeding and handling techniques, establishing routine testing for aflatoxin levels, and enhancing public health campaigns to educate consumers on the risks of unregulated milk. Strengthening rules and quality control procedures in the informal dairy sector is also vital. In conclusion, while retail milk appears relatively safe, the significant prevalence of aflatoxin contamination from milkmen is a serious public health challenge. Implementing thorough management techniques is vital to ensure a safe milk supply for all customers.