A Study on the Influence of Piano Key Touch Techniques on Tone Expression

The realization of expressive piano tone highly depends on nuanced key touch techniques, which involve a complex conversion process from human biomechanics to instrument acoustics. This study aims to systematically investigate the intrinsic relationship between touch technique and tone expression. The paper first establishes a mechanical parameter system for key touch actions and explains the physical basis through which these actions are converted into acoustic responses via the action mechanism, clarifying the direct relationship between touch force, speed, and the generation of tone spectra. It then provides an in-depth analysis of how core touch parameters-speed, depth and sustain force, angle and method-specifically regulate the brightness and darkness of the tone spectrum, temporal continuity, as well as attack quality and harmonic structure. Finally, the study places touch control within the context of musical expression, exploring its integrated role in achieving tonal coherence and separation, constructing timbral layers in polyphonic textures, and adapting to the imagery of different musical styles. This research offers a systematic theoretical framework for understanding the cause-and-effect relationship between technique and tone in piano performance.