A rare case of spontaneous splenic rupture

Spontaneous splenic rupture is a rare and potentially fatal condition, most often associated with trauma or underlying splenic disease. Its occurrence in a previously healthy individual remains exceptional and may delay diagnosis. We report the case of a 37-year-old man with no past medical history who presented with acute left upper quadrant abdominal pain and hemodynamic instability. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed spontaneous splenic rupture with parenchymal laceration, subcapsular hematoma, and massive hemoperitoneum. Emergency splenectomy was performed due to hemodynamic instability, with a favorable outcome. This case highlights the importance of considering spontaneous splenic rupture in patients with acute abdominal pain and shock, even in the absence of trauma, and underlines the key role of CT imaging in diagnosis and management.