Association Between Vitamin D Status and Early Pregnancy Loss: A Hospital-Based Analytical Study

Background: Early pregnancy loss remains a common obstetric outcome, and growing evidence indicates that maternal vitamin D deficiency may adversely affect implantation, placental development, and immune regulation. Objective: To determine the association between maternal vitamin D status and early pregnancy loss and to analyze demographic, nutritional, and lifestyle variables influencing this association. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional comparative study was conducted from July 2022 to June 2024 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital. A total of 124 women were enrolled, including 62 with early pregnancy loss and 62 with normal first-trimester pregnancies. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were measured using an auto-analyzer. Demographic, dietary, sun-exposure, and supplementation variables were analyzed using inferential statistics. Results: Mean serum vitamin D concentration was significantly lower in women with early pregnancy loss compared to controls (18.6 ± 6.9 vs. 26.8 ± 8.1 ng/mL; p < 0.001). Vitamin D deficiency (