Clinical, Biochemical, and Behavioral Profile of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study Highlighting Early Metabolic Derangements and Low Fibrosis Risk

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common metabolic liver illness associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Understanding the clinical and biochemical characteristics of afflicted populations is critical for early detection and treatment. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 70 NAFLD patients with a mean age of 34.2 years, the majority of whom were female (68.6%). Sociodemographic, anthropometric, biochemical, and behavioral data were gathered and examined, including liver enzyme levels, glycemic status, lipid profiles, thyroid function, and fibrosis risk as determined by the NAFLD Fibrosis Score. Results: The findings exhibited a high prevalence of obesity (84.3%) and central adiposity (88.6%). Dysglycemia was present in 65.7% of patients, including diabetes and prediabetic states. Dyslipidemia was common, with elevated triglycerides (74.3%), total cholesterol (62.9%), LDL (42.9%), and low HDL (50%). Liver enzymes were frequently elevated, particularly ALT (90%). Thyroid dysfunction was less common (12.9%). Fibrosis risk was predominantly low, with 90% classified as F0–F2 and no advanced fibrosis detected. Behavioral risk factors such as smoking (11.4%) and betel nut chewing (18.6%) were noted. Conclusions: This young, predominantly female NAFLD population demonstrates significant metabolic abnormalities and liver enzyme elevations but limited fibrosis, indicating an early disease stage. These findings underscore the importance of early metabolic and lifestyle interventions to prevent progression to advanced liver disease.