Proportion of Gall Bladder Carcinoma in Cholecystectomy Specimens for Gall Stone Diseases and It’s Association with Biosocial Factor of the Patient

Background: Gallbladder carcinoma is an aggressive malignancy often detected incidentally during cholecystectomy, with risk strongly influenced by demographic, clinical, and biosocial factors associated with chronic gallstone disease. Objective: To determine the proportion of gallbladder carcinoma in cholecystectomy specimens for gallstone disease and to evaluate statistical associations between carcinoma occurrence and key biosocial, demographic, and gallbladder-related characteristics. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 302 purposively selected patients undergoing cholecystectomy. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and operative findings. Variables included age, sex, residence, income, clinical history, gallbladder wall thickness, stone number, stone size, gallbladder morphology, and diagnosis–surgery interval. Statistical analysis included mean ± standard deviation (SD), chi-square tests, and p-value determinations to assess associations with gallbladder carcinoma. Results: Mean age was 42.8 ± 11.6 years; the highest proportion (65.6%) were aged 31–40 years, whereas carcinoma occurred predominantly in patients >60 years (61.9%, p3 mm was present in 86.4% and strongly correlated with carcinoma (p