District-Level Growth Dynamics of Cropping Intensity: A Comparative Time-Series Analysis of Bargarh and Sambalpur

Agricultural intensification is a crucial indicator of land-use efficiency and structural transformation in agrarian economies. This study examines the trend and growth pattern of cropping intensity in Bargarh and Sambalpur districts over the period 1994-95 to 2019-20. The analysis is based on secondary data collected from official agricultural records. Cropping intensity was calculated using the ratio of gross cropped area to net sown area, and growth performance was evaluated using annual growth rates, compound annual growth rate (CAGR), and a semi-log regression model. The results reveal considerable inter-annual fluctuations in both districts, with Sambalpur exhibiting greater volatility compared to Bargarh. The semi-log regression analysis indicates a positive, statistically significant growth trend in cropping intensity in both districts. The estimated CAGR is 0.39 per cent for Bargarh and 1.05 per cent for Sambalpur, suggesting relatively stronger growth in Sambalpur during the study period. However, moderate R² values indicate that factors beyond time, such as irrigation expansion, climatic variability, and technological adoption, also influence cropping intensity. The study concludes that while agricultural intensification has progressed in both districts, stability and sustainability remain critical challenges. The findings emphasise the need for improved irrigation management, climate-resilient farming practices, and strengthened institutional support to ensure balanced and sustained agricultural development.