Income, environmental pollution and health inequalities in Italy: a regional perspective in the era of transitions

Poverty and inequality are increasingly intertwined with territorial and environmental dimensions, especially in a context of profound demographic, environmental and technological change. In particular, health inequalities reflect disparities in access to and quality of care among different population groups, which are shaped by socio-economic and environmental determinants. Among these, income and living conditions emerge as key factors influencing individual and collective vulnerability to health risks. This study examines the interaction between income levels, environmental pollution and population health from a regional perspective. By integrating statistical indicators and multidimensional data - economic, social and environmental - the analysis aims to identify territorial patterns of disadvantage and their impact on health outcomes and access to care. The proposed multidisciplinary approach contributes to a broader reflection on how structural inequalities intersect with environmental degradation and how these dynamics evolve in a period of environmental and social transition. The study provides insights to support the design of more inclusive, sustainable and resilient public policies, capable of addressing multiple forms of vulnerability simultaneously and promoting equity across territories and populations.