Digital Entrepreneurship & Business Model Innovation

ABSTRACT Entrepreneurship and startup ecosystems have become major catalysts for economic development, technological advancement, and job creation in the modern digital era. Startups act as innovation drivers by transforming novel ideas into commercially viable products and services. The success of startups is strongly influenced by the availability of funding, incubation support, mentorship, research collaboration, and market access. Technology transfer models play a crucial role by facilitating the movement of innovations developed in research institutions, universities, and laboratories into commercial markets. These models—such as licensing, joint ventures, spin-offs, and university–industry collaborations—enable entrepreneurs and startups to adopt cutting-edge technologies with reduced research and development costs and lower market uncertainty. The study highlights the significance of entrepreneurship in fostering innovation, examines the emerging startup culture across sectors, and evaluates different technology transfer mechanisms that accelerate commercialization and sustainable business growth. Findings indicate that the integration of entrepreneurship, startup culture, and effective technology transfer models contributes to high-value innovation, employment generation, economic growth, and global competitiveness.