Antropologías del mal y la libertad en el debate filosófico contemporáneo

This essay examines the main currents of contemporary philosophical and theological debate on the relationship between evil, freedom, and the human condition. Through a critical review of scholarly articles, three dominant approaches are identified: evil as a relational and structural fracture, freedom as the capacity to respond to vulnerability, and a tragic but not hopeless anthropology in the face of the crisis of meaning. It shows how these approaches converge in a critique of modern individualism and propose ethical models based on interdependence, restorative justice, and openness to the transcendent. The study concludes that contemporary thought, far from falling into relativism or cynicism, offers a realistic anthropology that acknowledges the wound of evil without relinquishing the possibility of communion and conversion.