Revisión científica integral de Solanum Cardiophyllum: bases ecológicas, fisiológicas, agronómicas, tecnológicas y biotecnológicas para un proyecto multifactorial

Solanum cardiophyllum Lindl. is a wild potato species native to the Mexican Highlands that has been historically underutilized despite its high ecological resilience and agronomic, technological, and biotechnological potential. The aim of this article was to conduct a comprehensive scientific review of the available literature in order to synthesize ecological, physiological, agronomic, and biotechnological knowledge of the species and to establish conceptual bases for a multifactorial sustainable use project. A critical review of indexed scientific articles, academic theses, specialized books, and technical documents was conducted. The analyzed evidence indicates that S. cardiophyllum exhibits key physiological adaptations to water stress, favorable agronomic performance under protected cultivation systems, and starch physicochemical properties with high biotechnological value. Overall, the findings position this species as a strategic resource for sustainable agriculture, genetic conservation, and technological innovation.