Artificial Intelligence Literacy Scale

The aim of this study is to develop a reliable and valid scale to determine individuals’ levels of artificial intelligence literacy. The study was conducted during the spring semester of the 2024–2025 academic year with the participation of pre-service teachers enrolled in the Faculty of Education at Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University in Turkey. A total of 412 pre-service teachers participated in the exploratory factor analysis, while 211 pre-service teachers participated in the confirmatory factor analysis. The results of the exploratory factor analysis indicated that the scale has a three-factor structure consisting of 16 items. Reliability analyses showed that the scale demonstrates adequate internal consistency at both the overall scale level and across its subdimensions. The confirmatory factor analysis results further revealed that the model fit indices were at acceptable to good levels. The scale consists of three subdimensions: Artificial Intelligence Knowledge and Usage Competence, Societal Impacts of Artificial Intelligence, and Ethical Awareness in the Context of Artificial Intelligence. The scale explains 56.92% of the total variance. Overall, the findings suggest that the Artificial Intelligence Literacy Scale is a valid and reliable measurement instrument that can be used to assess individuals’ artificial intelligence literacy levels.